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人民日报爬虫

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# 校园新闻爬虫服务
基于Python开发的新闻爬虫服务，用于自动抓取各大新闻网站的内容。
## 功能特性
- ✅ 支持多个新闻源（人民日报等）
- ✅ 完整的类型校验（基于Pydantic）
- ✅ 异步请求支持
- ✅ 自动重试机制
- ✅ 详细的日志记录
- ✅ 代理支持
- ✅ 数据验证和清洗
- ✅ 多种输出格式（JSON/CSV）
- ✅ 定时任务调度
## 项目结构
```
schoolNewsCrawler/
├── crawler/ # 爬虫模块
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── BaseCrawler.py # 基础爬虫类
│ └── RmrbCrawler.py # 人民日报爬虫
├── logs/ # 日志目录
├── output/ # 输出目录
├── main.py # 主程序入口
├── config.py # 配置文件
├── requirements.txt # 依赖包
├── .env.example # 环境变量示例
├── .gitignore # Git忽略文件
└── README.md # 项目说明
```
## 安装依赖
### 1. 安装Python（需要Python 3.9+）
确保已安装Python 3.9或更高版本。
### 2. 创建虚拟环境（推荐）
```bash
# Windows
python -m venv venv
venv\Scripts\activate
# Linux/Mac
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
```
### 3. 安装依赖包
```bash
pip install -r requirements.txt
```
## 配置
### 1. 复制环境变量文件
```bash
cp .env.example .env
```
### 2. 修改配置
编辑 `.env` 文件，配置数据库连接、API地址等信息。
## 使用方法
### 命令行运行
```bash
# 基本用法（默认爬取人民日报政治类新闻20条）
python main.py
# 指定分类和数量
python main.py politics 50
# 指定输出文件
python main.py politics 50 output/news_politics.json
```
### Python代码调用
```python
from crawler.RmrbCrawler import RmrbCrawler
# 创建爬虫实例
crawler = RmrbCrawler()
# 爬取新闻
news_list = crawler.crawl(category="politics", limit=20)
# 处理新闻数据
for news in news_list:
print(f"标题: {news.title}")
print(f"内容: {news.content[:100]}...")
print(f"URL: {news.url}")
print("-" * 60)
# 关闭爬虫
crawler.close()
```
## 扩展新爬虫
创建新的爬虫类，继承 `BaseCrawler`：
```python
from crawler.BaseCrawler import BaseCrawler, CrawlerConfig, NewsItem
from typing import List, Optional
class MyNewsCrawler(BaseCrawler):
"""自定义新闻爬虫"""
def __init__(self):
config = CrawlerConfig(
base_url="https://example.com",
headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 ...'
}
)
super().__init__(config)
def crawl(self, limit: int = 20) -> List[NewsItem]:
"""实现爬取逻辑"""
# TODO: 实现具体的爬取逻辑
pass
def parse_news_detail(self, url: str) -> Optional[NewsItem]:
"""实现详情解析逻辑"""
# TODO: 实现具体的解析逻辑
pass
```
## 与Java定时任务集成
在Java的定时任务中调用Python爬虫：
```java
@Component("newsCrawlerTask")
public class NewsCrawlerTask {
public void execute() throws Exception {
// 构建Python命令
ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(
"python",
"main.py",
"politics",
"50"
);
// 设置工作目录
pb.directory(new File("../schoolNewsCrawler"));
// 执行命令
Process process = pb.start();
int exitCode = process.waitFor();
if (exitCode == 0) {
log.info("新闻爬虫执行成功");
} else {
log.error("新闻爬虫执行失败");
}
}
}
```
## 数据模型
### NewsItem
```python
{
"title": "新闻标题",
"content": "新闻内容",
"url": "https://example.com/news/123",
"publish_time": "2025-01-01 12:00:00",
"author": "作者",
"source": "人民日报",
"category": "时政",
"tags": ["标签1", "标签2"],
"images": ["https://example.com/img1.jpg"]
}
```
## 日志
日志文件存储在 `logs/` 目录下，按日期自动分割：
- 文件命名：`crawler_YYYY-MM-DD.log`
- 保留时间：30天（可配置）
- 日志级别：DEBUG/INFO/WARNING/ERROR
## 注意事项
1. **遵守robots.txt**: 请尊重目标网站的爬虫协议
2. **控制频率**: 避免频繁请求对目标网站造成压力
3. **法律合规**: 仅用于学习和个人使用，不得用于商业用途
4. **数据隐私**: 妥善保管爬取的数据，注意隐私保护
## 技术栈
- Python 3.9+
- Requests - HTTP请求
- BeautifulSoup4 - HTML解析
- Pydantic - 数据验证
- Loguru - 日志记录
- Selenium - 浏览器自动化（可选）
## 开发工具
- MyPy - 静态类型检查
- Black - 代码格式化
- Flake8 - 代码风格检查
- Pytest - 单元测试
## 作者
yslg @ xyzh
## 更新日期
2025-11-08

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"""
爬虫配置文件
"""
import os
from typing import Dict
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
from pydantic import Field
class Settings(BaseSettings):
"""应用配置"""
# 爬虫配置
REQUEST_TIMEOUT: int = Field(default=30, description="请求超时时间（秒）")
RETRY_TIMES: int = Field(default=3, description="重试次数")
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS: int = Field(default=5, description="并发请求数")
DOWNLOAD_DELAY: float = Field(default=1.0, description="下载延迟（秒）")
# 代理配置
USE_PROXY: bool = Field(default=False, description="是否使用代理")
PROXY_URL: str = Field(default="", description="代理地址")
# 数据库配置（用于存储爬取的数据）
DB_HOST: str = Field(default="localhost", description="数据库主机")
DB_PORT: int = Field(default=3306, description="数据库端口")
DB_USER: str = Field(default="root", description="数据库用户名")
DB_PASSWORD: str = Field(default="", description="数据库密码")
DB_NAME: str = Field(default="school_news", description="数据库名称")
# 日志配置
LOG_LEVEL: str = Field(default="INFO", description="日志级别")
LOG_DIR: str = Field(default="logs", description="日志目录")
LOG_RETENTION: str = Field(default="30 days", description="日志保留时间")
# 输出配置
OUTPUT_DIR: str = Field(default="output", description="输出目录")
OUTPUT_FORMAT: str = Field(default="json", description="输出格式(json/csv)")
# 人民日报配置
RMRB_BASE_URL: str = Field(default="http://www.people.com.cn", description="人民日报基础URL")
RMRB_CATEGORIES: Dict[str, str] = Field(
default_factory=lambda: {
"politics": "时政",
"society": "社会",
"world": "国际",
"finance": "财经",
"tech": "科技",
"culture": "文化",
"education": "教育"
},
description="人民日报新闻分类"
)
# API配置（用于将爬取的数据推送到后端）
API_BASE_URL: str = Field(default="http://localhost:8080", description="后端API地址")
API_TOKEN: str = Field(default="", description="API认证Token")
class Config:
env_file = ".env"
env_file_encoding = "utf-8"
case_sensitive = True
# 创建全局配置实例
settings = Settings()
# 常用User-Agent列表
USER_AGENTS = [
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/119.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:121.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/121.0',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.1 Safari/605.1.15',
]

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from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, HttpUrl
from typing import Any, List, Optional
class ResultDomain(BaseModel):
code: int = Field(..., description="状态码")
message: str = Field(..., description="消息")
success: bool = Field(..., description="是否成功")
data: Optional[Any] = Field(default=None, description="数据")
dataList: Optional[List[Any]] = Field(default=None, description="数据列表")

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"""
使用 Crawl4AI 爬取人民网新闻
"""
from typing import List, Optional
from loguru import logger
import re
from datetime import datetime
from crawler.BaseCrawler import NewsItem
import asyncio
class PeopleNetCrewer:
"""使用 Crawl4AI 爬取人民网新闻"""
def __init__(self, chrome_path: Optional[str] = None):
"""
初始化人民网爬虫
Args:
chrome_path: Chrome 浏览器可执行文件路径，如果为 None 则使用系统默认路径
"""
self.base_url = "http://www.people.com.cn"
self.chrome_path = chrome_path
self.crawler = None
logger.info(f"初始化人民网爬虫 (Crawl4AI)")
async def _get_crawler(self):
"""获取或创建爬虫实例"""
if self.crawler is None:
try:
from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler
except ImportError:
logger.error("请先安装 crawl4ai: pip install crawl4ai")
raise ImportError("crawl4ai 未安装")
# 配置浏览器选项，使用本地 Chrome
browser_config = {
"headless": True,
"verbose": False,
}
# 如果指定了 Chrome 路径，使用指定路径
if self.chrome_path:
browser_config["executable_path"] = self.chrome_path
logger.info(f"使用指定的 Chrome 路径: {self.chrome_path}")
else:
# 使用本地安装的 Chrome（通过 channel 参数）
browser_config["channel"] = "chrome"
logger.info("使用本地安装的 Chrome 浏览器")
try:
self.crawler = AsyncWebCrawler(
browser_type="chromium",
browser_config=browser_config
)
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"创建爬虫实例失败: {str(e)}")
# 如果使用 channel 失败，尝试使用 executable_path
if not self.chrome_path and "channel" in browser_config:
logger.warning("使用 channel 参数失败，尝试其他方式...")
# 尝试常见的 Chrome 路径
import os
common_paths = [
r"C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe",
r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe",
os.path.expanduser(r"~\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"),
]
for path in common_paths:
if os.path.exists(path):
browser_config.pop("channel", None)
browser_config["executable_path"] = path
logger.info(f"找到 Chrome 路径: {path}")
try:
self.crawler = AsyncWebCrawler(
browser_type="chromium",
browser_config=browser_config
)
break
except Exception:
continue
else:
raise
else:
raise
return self.crawler
async def crawl(self, category: str = "politics", limit: int = 20) -> List[NewsItem]:
"""
爬取人民网新闻列表
Args:
category: 新闻分类（politics-政治, society-社会, world-国际等）
limit: 爬取数量限制
Returns:
新闻列表
"""
news_list = []
try:
crawler = await self._get_crawler()
# 构建列表页URL
list_url = f"{self.base_url}/{category}/index.html"
logger.info(f"开始爬取人民网新闻: {list_url}")
# 使用 Crawl4AI 爬取页面
result = await crawler.arun(url=list_url)
if not result.success:
logger.error(f"爬取失败: {list_url}")
return news_list
html_content = result.html
if not html_content:
logger.warning("未获取到页面内容")
return news_list
# 解析新闻列表
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'lxml')
# 根据人民网实际结构调整选择器
# 这里使用通用的新闻列表选择器，实际使用时需要根据网站结构调整
news_items = soup.select('.news-list .news-item, .list-item, .news-item, article')
if not news_items:
# 尝试其他可能的选择器
news_items = soup.select('a[href*="/n1/"], a[href*="/n2/"], a[href*="/n3/"]')
logger.info(f"找到 {len(news_items)} 个新闻链接")
# 提取新闻链接并爬取详情
processed_urls = set()
for item in news_items[:limit * 2]: # 多取一些，因为有些链接可能无效
try:
# 提取链接
if item.name == 'a':
link_tag = item
else:
link_tag = item.select_one('a')
if not link_tag:
continue
news_url = link_tag.get('href', '')
if not news_url:
continue
# 处理相对路径
if not news_url.startswith('http'):
if news_url.startswith('/'):
news_url = self.base_url + news_url
else:
news_url = f"{self.base_url}/{news_url}"
# 跳过重复链接
if news_url in processed_urls:
continue
processed_urls.add(news_url)
# 解析新闻详情
news = await self.parse_news_detail(news_url)
if news:
news_list.append(news)
logger.info(f"成功爬取新闻: {news.title}")
if len(news_list) >= limit:
break
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"处理新闻项失败: {str(e)}")
continue
logger.info(f"爬取完成，共获取 {len(news_list)} 条新闻")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"爬取新闻列表失败: {str(e)}")
return news_list
async def parse_news_detail(self, url: str) -> Optional[NewsItem]:
"""
解析人民网新闻详情
Args:
url: 新闻详情页URL
Returns:
新闻对象
"""
try:
crawler = await self._get_crawler()
# 使用 Crawl4AI 爬取详情页
result = await crawler.arun(url=url)
if not result.success:
logger.warning(f"爬取详情页失败: {url}")
return None
html_content = result.html
if not html_content:
return None
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'lxml')
# 提取标题
title_tag = soup.select_one('h1, .title, .article-title, .p_title')
title = title_tag.get_text(strip=True) if title_tag else "未知标题"
if title == "未知标题" or not title:
logger.warning(f"无法提取标题: {url}")
return None
# 提取内容
content_tag = soup.select_one(
'.article-content, .content, .text-content, .p_content, '
'.article-body, .article-text, #articleContent'
)
content = ""
if content_tag:
# 移除脚本和样式标签
for script in content_tag(['script', 'style', 'noscript']):
script.decompose()
content = content_tag.get_text(separator='\n', strip=True)
# 提取发布时间
time_tag = soup.select_one(
'.time, .publish-time, .date, .p_time, .article-time, '
'time[datetime], .pubtime'
)
publish_time = None
if time_tag:
time_text = time_tag.get_text(strip=True)
if not time_text:
time_text = time_tag.get('datetime', '')
publish_time = self._parse_time(time_text)
# 提取作者
author_tag = soup.select_one('.author, .writer, .p_author, .article-author')
author = None
if author_tag:
author = author_tag.get_text(strip=True)
# 提取图片
images = []
img_tags = soup.select('.article-content img, .content img, .p_content img')
for img in img_tags:
img_url = img.get('src', '') or img.get('data-src', '')
if img_url and not img_url.startswith('data:'):
if not img_url.startswith('http'):
if img_url.startswith('/'):
img_url = self.base_url + img_url
else:
img_url = f"{self.base_url}/{img_url}"
images.append(img_url)
# 创建新闻对象
news = NewsItem(
title=title,
content=content,
url=url,
publish_time=publish_time,
author=author,
source="人民网",
category="时政",
images=images
)
return news
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"解析新闻详情失败 [{url}]: {str(e)}")
return None
def _parse_time(self, time_text: str) -> Optional[str]:
"""
解析时间字符串
Args:
time_text: 时间文本
Returns:
标准化的时间字符串
"""
if not time_text:
return None
try:
# 尝试匹配常见的时间格式
patterns = [
r'(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})\s+(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})',
r'(\d{4})年(\d{2})月(\d{2})日\s+(\d{2}):(\d{2})',
r'(\d{4})/(\d{2})/(\d{2})\s+(\d{2}):(\d{2})',
r'(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})',
]
for pattern in patterns:
match = re.search(pattern, time_text)
if match:
return time_text.strip()
return time_text.strip()
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"时间解析失败: {str(e)}")
return None
async def close(self):
"""关闭爬虫，释放资源"""
if self.crawler:
await self.crawler.close()
self.crawler = None
logger.info("爬虫已关闭")

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# Crawl4AI 人民网新闻爬虫
使用 Crawl4AI 框架爬取人民网新闻，支持使用本地 Chrome 浏览器。
## 安装依赖
```bash
pip install crawl4ai playwright
playwright install chromium # 或者使用本地 Chrome
```
## 使用方法
### 基本使用
```bash
# 使用默认配置（自动使用本地 Chrome）
python crawl4ai/main.py [category] [limit] [output_file]
# 示例
python crawl4ai/main.py politics 20 output/news.json
```
### 指定 Chrome 路径
```bash
# 指定 Chrome 可执行文件路径
python crawl4ai/main.py politics 20 output/news.json "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"
```
### 在代码中使用
```python
import asyncio
from crawl4ai.PeopleNetCrewer import PeopleNetCrewer
async def main():
# 使用默认 Chrome（自动检测）
crewer = PeopleNetCrewer()
# 或者指定 Chrome 路径
# crewer = PeopleNetCrewer(chrome_path="C:\\Program Files\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe")
news_list = await crewer.crawl(category="politics", limit=20)
for news in news_list:
print(f"标题: {news.title}")
print(f"链接: {news.url}")
print("-" * 50)
await crewer.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
```
## 配置说明
### 使用本地 Chrome
代码会自动尝试使用本地安装的 Chrome 浏览器。如果未指定 `chrome_path`，会通过 `channel="chrome"` 参数使用系统默认的 Chrome。
### 浏览器配置
在 `PeopleNetCrewer` 类中，可以通过修改 `_get_crawler` 方法中的 `browser_config` 来调整浏览器行为：
- `headless`: 是否无头模式（默认 True）
- `verbose`: 是否显示详细日志（默认 False）
- `channel`: 浏览器通道（"chrome" 表示使用本地 Chrome）
- `executable_path`: 指定浏览器可执行文件路径
## 注意事项
1. 确保已安装 Chrome 浏览器
2. 如果遇到 Playwright 浏览器未找到的错误，可以运行 `playwright install chromium` 安装 Playwright 自带的浏览器
3. 使用本地 Chrome 时，确保 Chrome 版本与 Playwright 兼容

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"""
Crawl4AI 爬虫模块
使用 Crawl4AI 进行动态网页爬取
"""
from .PeopleNetCrewer import PeopleNetCrewer
__all__ = ['PeopleNetCrewer']

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"""
使用 Crawl4AI 爬取人民网新闻的主程序
"""
import sys
import json
import asyncio
from typing import List
from loguru import logger
from crawl4ai.PeopleNetCrewer import PeopleNetCrewer
# 配置日志
logger.remove() # 移除默认处理器
logger.add(
sys.stdout,
format="<green>{time:YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss}</green> | <level>{level: <8}</level> | <cyan>{name}</cyan>:<cyan>{function}</cyan> - <level>{message}</level>",
level="INFO"
)
logger.add(
"logs/crewer_{time:YYYY-MM-DD}.log",
rotation="00:00",
retention="30 days",
encoding="utf-8",
level="DEBUG"
)
async def crawl_people_net_news(
category: str = "politics",
limit: int = 20,
chrome_path: str = None
) -> List[dict]:
"""
使用 Crawl4AI 爬取人民网新闻
Args:
category: 新闻分类
limit: 爬取数量
chrome_path: Chrome 浏览器可执行文件路径（可选）
Returns:
新闻列表（字典格式）
"""
logger.info(f"开始爬取人民网新闻 - 分类: {category}, 数量: {limit}")
crewer = None
try:
crewer = PeopleNetCrewer(chrome_path=chrome_path)
news_list = await crewer.crawl(category=category, limit=limit)
# 转换为字典列表
result = [news.model_dump() for news in news_list]
logger.info(f"爬取完成，共获取 {len(result)} 条新闻")
return result
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"爬取失败: {str(e)}")
import traceback
logger.error(traceback.format_exc())
return []
finally:
if crewer:
await crewer.close()
def save_to_json(news_list: List[dict], output_file: str = "output/news.json"):
"""
保存新闻到JSON文件
Args:
news_list: 新闻列表
output_file: 输出文件路径
"""
try:
import os
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(output_file), exist_ok=True)
with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
json.dump(news_list, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
logger.info(f"新闻已保存到: {output_file}")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"保存文件失败: {str(e)}")
async def main_async():
"""异步主函数"""
# 解析命令行参数
category = "politics"
limit = 20
output_file = "output/news.json"
chrome_path = None
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
category = sys.argv[1]
if len(sys.argv) > 2:
limit = int(sys.argv[2])
if len(sys.argv) > 3:
output_file = sys.argv[3]
if len(sys.argv) > 4:
chrome_path = sys.argv[4]
logger.info("=" * 60)
logger.info("人民网新闻爬虫程序启动 (Crawl4AI)")
logger.info("=" * 60)
# 爬取新闻
news_list = await crawl_people_net_news(
category=category,
limit=limit,
chrome_path=chrome_path
)
# 保存结果
if news_list:
save_to_json(news_list, output_file)
# 输出统计信息
logger.info(f"爬取统计:")
logger.info(f" - 成功: {len(news_list)} 条")
logger.info(f" - 失败: {limit - len(news_list)} 条")
else:
logger.warning("未获取到任何新闻")
logger.info("=" * 60)
logger.info("人民网新闻爬虫程序结束")
logger.info("=" * 60)
def main():
"""主函数入口"""
try:
asyncio.run(main_async())
except KeyboardInterrupt:
logger.info("程序被用户中断")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"程序运行出错: {str(e)}")
import traceback
logger.error(traceback.format_exc())
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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schoolNewsCrawler/crawler/BaseCrawler.py Normal file
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# 定义基础爬虫类
from typing import Dict, Optional, List, Any
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from loguru import logger
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, HttpUrl
class UrlConfig(BaseModel):
"""URL配置数据模型"""
url: str = Field(..., description="请求URL")
params: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = Field(default=None, description="请求参数")
method: str = Field(default="GET", description="请求方法")
class Config:
# 允许任意类型
arbitrary_types_allowed = True
class CrawlerConfig(BaseModel):
"""爬虫配置数据模型"""
base_url: str = Field(..., description="基础URL")
urls: Dict[str, UrlConfig] = Field(
default_factory=dict,
description="URL配置映射，如 {'search': UrlConfig(...), 'list': UrlConfig(...)}"
)
headers: Dict[str, str] = Field(
default_factory=lambda: {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
},
description="HTTP请求头"
)
timeout: int = Field(default=30, description="请求超时时间（秒）")
retry_times: int = Field(default=3, description="重试次数")
proxy: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="代理地址")
class Config:
# 允许任意类型
arbitrary_types_allowed = True
class NewsItem(BaseModel):
"""新闻数据模型"""
title: str = Field(..., description="新闻标题")
contentRows: List[Dict[str, Any]] = Field(..., description="新闻内容")
url: str = Field(..., description="新闻链接")
publishTime: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="发布时间")
author: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="作者")
source: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="来源")
category: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="分类")
class BaseCrawler(ABC):
"""基础爬虫类"""
def __init__(self, config: CrawlerConfig):
"""
初始化爬虫
Args:
config: 爬虫配置对象
"""
self.config = config
self.session = requests.Session()
self.session.headers.update(config.headers)
logger.info(f"初始化爬虫: {self.__class__.__name__}")
def fetch(self, url: str, method: str = "GET", data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, **kwargs) -> Optional[requests.Response]:
"""
发送HTTP请求
Args:
url: 请求URL
method: 请求方法
data: 请求数据
**kwargs: 其他请求参数
Returns:
响应对象，失败返回None
"""
for attempt in range(self.config.retry_times):
try:
logger.info(f"请求URL: {url} (尝试 {attempt + 1}/{self.config.retry_times})")
response = self.session.request(
method=method,
url=url,
headers=self.config.headers,
data=data,
timeout=self.config.timeout,
proxies={'http': self.config.proxy, 'https': self.config.proxy} if self.config.proxy else None,
**kwargs
)
response.raise_for_status()
return response
except requests.RequestException as e:
logger.warning(f"请求失败 (尝试 {attempt + 1}/{self.config.retry_times}): {str(e)}")
if attempt == self.config.retry_times - 1:
logger.error(f"请求最终失败: {url}")
return None
return None
def parse_html(self, html, parser: str = "lxml") -> Optional[BeautifulSoup]:
"""
解析HTML
Args:
html: HTML字符串或字节数据（bytes），BeautifulSoup会自动检测编码
parser: 解析器类型
Returns:
BeautifulSoup对象
"""
try:
# BeautifulSoup 可以自动处理编码：
# - 如果传入 bytes，会从 HTML 的 <meta charset> 标签或响应头自动检测编码
# - 如果传入 str，会直接使用
return BeautifulSoup(html, parser)
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"HTML解析失败: {str(e)}")
return None
@abstractmethod
def crawl(self) -> List[NewsItem]:
"""
爬取新闻（子类必须实现）
Returns:
新闻列表
"""
pass
@abstractmethod
def parse_news_detail(self, url: str) -> Optional[NewsItem]:
"""
解析新闻详情（子类必须实现）
Args:
url: 新闻详情页URL
Returns:
新闻对象
"""
pass
def close(self):
"""关闭会话"""
self.session.close()
logger.info(f"关闭爬虫: {self.__class__.__name__}")

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schoolNewsCrawler/crawler/RmrbCrawler.py Normal file
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# 人民日报爬虫
from typing import List, Optional
from core import ResultDomain
from crawler.BaseCrawler import BaseCrawler, CrawlerConfig, NewsItem, UrlConfig
from loguru import logger
import re
import chardet
from datetime import datetime
class RmrbCrawler(BaseCrawler):
"""人民日报新闻爬虫"""
def __init__(self):
"""初始化人民日报爬虫"""
config = CrawlerConfig(
base_url="http://www.people.com.cn",
urls={
"search": UrlConfig(
url="http://search.people.cn/search-platform/front/search",
method="POST",
params={
"key": "",
"page": 1,
"limit": 10,
"hasTitle": True,
"hasContent": True,
"isFuzzy": True,
"type": 0, # 0 所有，1 新闻，2 互动，3 报刊，4 图片，5 视频
"sortType": 2, # 1 按相关度，2 按时间
"startTime": 0,
"endTime": 0
},
headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'
}
),
"hot_point_rank": UrlConfig(
url="http://search.people.cn/search-platform/front/searchRank",
method="GET",
params={},
headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'
}
),
"one_day_trending_news": UrlConfig(
url=lambda date: f"http://www.people.com.cn/GB/59476/review/{date}.html", # date:YYYYMMdd
method="GET",
params={},
headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7',
'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
}
)
},
)
super().__init__(config)
def search(self, key: str, total: int = 10, news_type: int = 0) -> ResultDomain:
"""
搜索人民日报新闻
Args:
key: 搜索关键词
total: 总数量
news_type: 新闻类型 (0=全部, 1=新闻, 2=互动, 3=报刊, 4=图片, 5=视频)
Returns:
新闻列表
"""
try:
resultDomain = ResultDomain()
news_list = []
resultDomain.dataList = news_list
# 获取搜索配置
search_config = self.config.urls.get("search")
if not search_config:
logger.error("未找到搜索URL配置")
resultDomain.code = 0
resultDomain.message = "未找到搜索URL配置"
resultDomain.success = False
return resultDomain
page = 1
limit = 10
# 准备搜索参数
search_data = search_config.params.copy()
search_data["key"] = key
search_data["limit"] = limit
search_data["type"] = news_type
while len(news_list) < total:
search_data["page"] = page
response = self.fetch(search_config.url, method=search_config.method, data=search_data, headers=search_config.headers)
response_json = response.json()
if response_json.get("code") == 0:
records = response_json.get("data", {}).get("records", [])
for record in records:
news = self.parse_news_detail(record.get("url"))
news_list.append(news)
else:
resultDomain.code = response_json.get("code")
resultDomain.message = "获取搜索结果失败" + response_json.get("message")
resultDomain.success = False
return resultDomain
page += 1
resultDomain.success = True
resultDomain.code = 0
logger.info(f"搜索到 {len(news_list)} 条新闻")
return resultDomain
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"搜索人民日报新闻失败: {str(e)}")
resultDomain.code = 0
resultDomain.message = "搜索人民日报新闻失败" + str(e)
resultDomain.success = False
return resultDomain
def hotPointRank(self) -> ResultDomain:
"""
获取人民日报热点排行
"""
try:
hot_point_rank_config = self.config.urls.get("hot_point_rank")
resultDomain = ResultDomain()
news_list = []
resultDomain.dataList = news_list
if not hot_point_rank_config:
logger.error("未找到热点排行URL配置")
resultDomain.code = 0
resultDomain.message = "未找到热点排行URL配置"
resultDomain.success = False
return resultDomain
response = self.fetch(hot_point_rank_config.url, method=hot_point_rank_config.method, headers=hot_point_rank_config.headers)
response_json = response.json()
if response_json.get("code") == 0:
records = response_json.get("data", [])
for record in records:
news = self.parse_news_detail(record.get("url"))
news_list.append(news)
else:
resultDomain.code = response_json.get("code")
resultDomain.message = "获取人民日报热点排行失败" + response_json.get("message")
resultDomain.success = False
return resultDomain
resultDomain.success = True
resultDomain.code = 0
logger.info(f"获取人民日报热点排行成功")
return resultDomain
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"获取人民日报热点排行失败: {str(e)}")
resultDomain.code = 0
resultDomain.message = "获取人民日报热点排行失败" + str(e)
resultDomain.success = False
return resultDomain
def getOneDayTrendingNews(self, date: datetime) -> ResultDomain:
"""
获取人民日报一天内的热点新闻
"""
try:
resultDomain = ResultDomain()
news_list = []
resultDomain.dataList = news_list
resultDomain.success = True
resultDomain.code = 0
logger.info(f"获取人民日报一天内的热点新闻成功")
date_str = date.strftime("%Y%m%d")
one_day_trending_news_config = self.config.urls.get("one_day_trending_news")
one_day_trending_news_config.url = one_day_trending_news_config.url(date_str)
response = self.fetch(one_day_trending_news_config.url, method=one_day_trending_news_config.method, headers=one_day_trending_news_config.headers)
if not response:
logger.error(f"获取响应失败: {one_day_trending_news_config.url}")
resultDomain.code = 0
resultDomain.message = "获取响应失败" + one_day_trending_news_config.url
resultDomain.success = False
return resultDomain
soup = self.parse_html(response.content)
if not soup:
logger.error(f"解析HTML失败: {one_day_trending_news_config.url}")
resultDomain.code = 0
resultDomain.message = "解析HTML失败" + one_day_trending_news_config.url
resultDomain.success = False
return resultDomain
all_doc_urls = []
all_doc_urls.extend(a_tags)
bg01 = soup.find('td', class_="bg01")
indexfont13 = bg01.find('td', class_='indexfont13')
# 获取该 td 下的所有 a 标签
a_tags = indexfont13.find_all('a')
bg02 = soup.find('td', class_="bg02")
p6 = bg02.find('td', class_='p6')
a_tags_p6 = p6.find_all('a')
all_doc_urls.extend(a_tags_p6)
for a_tag in all_doc_urls:
news = self.parse_news_detail(a_tag.get('href'))
news_list.append(news)
return resultDomain
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"获取人民日报一天内的热点新闻失败: {str(e)}")
resultDomain.code = 0
resultDomain.message = "获取人民日报一天内的热点新闻失败" + str(e)
resultDomain.success = False
return resultDomain
def getDaysTrendingNews(self, start_date: datetime, end_date: datetime) -> ResultDomain:
"""
获取人民日报多天内的热点新闻
"""
try:
resultDomain = ResultDomain()
news_list = []
resultDomain.dataList = news_list
resultDomain.success = True
resultDomain.code = 0
resultDomain.message = "获取人民日报多天内的热点新闻成功"
for date in range(start_date, end_date):
resultDomain = self.getOneDayTrendingNews(date)
if not resultDomain.success:
continue
news_list.extend(resultDomain.dataList)
logger.info(f"获取人民日报多天内的热点新闻成功")
return resultDomain
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"获取人民日报多天内的热点新闻失败: {str(e)}")
resultDomain.code = 0
resultDomain.message = "获取人民日报多天内的热点新闻失败" + str(e)
resultDomain.success = False
return resultDomain
def parse_news_detail(self, url: str) -> Optional[NewsItem]:
"""
解析人民日报新闻详情
Args:
url: 新闻详情页URL
Returns:
新闻对象
"""
try:
response = self.fetch(url)
if not response:
logger.error(f"获取响应失败: {url}")
return None
# BeautifulSoup 可以自动检测并解码编码，直接传入字节数据即可
# 它会从 HTML 的 <meta charset> 标签或响应头自动检测编码
soup = self.parse_html(response.content)
if not soup:
logger.error("解析HTML失败")
return None
# 提取主内容区域
main_div = soup.find("div", class_="layout rm_txt cf")
if not main_div:
logger.error("未找到主内容区域")
return None
# 提取文章区域
article_div = main_div.find("div", class_="col col-1")
if not article_div:
logger.error("未找到文章区域")
return None
# 提取标题
title_tag = article_div.select_one("h1")
title = title_tag.get_text(strip=True) if title_tag else ""
# 提取作者
author_tag = article_div.select_one("div.author.cf")
author = author_tag.get_text(strip=True) if author_tag else ""
# 提取发布时间和来源
channel_div = article_div.select_one("div.channel.cf")
publish_time = ""
source = ""
if channel_div:
channel_info = channel_div.select_one("div.col-1-1")
if channel_info:
channel_text = channel_info.get_text(strip=True)
# 解析时间格式：2025年11月10日05:51 | 来源：人民网－人民日报
if '|' in channel_text:
parts = channel_text.split('|')
publish_time = parts[0].strip() if parts else ""
# 从 <a> 标签中提取来源
source_tag = channel_info.select_one("a")
if source_tag:
source = source_tag.get_text(strip=True)
elif len(parts) > 1 and '来源' in parts[1]:
# 如果没有 <a> 标签，从文本中提取
source = parts[1].replace('来源：', '').strip()
# 提取内容
content_div = article_div.select_one('div.rm_txt_con.cf')
contents = [] # 构建一个富文本内容
pList = content_div.find_all("p") # 所有p标签
# 解析p标签 变为quill富文本
for p in pList:
# 获取p的class内容
p_style = p.get("style")
content = ""
tag = "p"
if p.find('img'):
tag = "img"
src = p.find('img').get('src')
if not src.startswith("http") and src:
src = self.config.base_url + src
content = f"<img style='{p_style}' src='{src}' />"
elif p.find('video'):
tag = "video"
src = p.find('video').get('src')
if not src.startswith("http") and src:
src = self.config.base_url + src
content = f"<video style='align-items: center;' src='{src}' />"
else:
content = str(p)
contents.append({
"tag": tag,
"content": content
})
news = NewsItem(
title=title,
contentRows=contents, # 修复：使用 contents 而不是 content
url=url,
publishTime=publish_time,
author=author,
source=source or "人民网",
category=""
)
logger.info(f"成功解析新闻: {title}")
return news
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"解析新闻详情失败 [{url}]: {str(e)}")
return None
"""
解析人民日报新闻详情并保存为HTML文件（UTF-8编码）
Args:
url: 新闻详情页URL
output_file: 输出文件路径，默认为 "crawler/response.html"
"""
try:
response = self.fetch(url)
if not response:
logger.error(f"获取响应失败: {url}")
return
# BeautifulSoup 可以自动检测并解码编码，直接传入字节数据即可
# 它会从 HTML 的 <meta charset> 标签或响应头自动检测编码
soup = self.parse_html(response.content)
if not soup:
logger.error("解析HTML失败")
return
# 保存为UTF-8编码的文件（BeautifulSoup 已经自动解码为 Unicode 字符串）
with open(output_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write(soup.prettify())
logger.info(f"成功保存HTML文件: {output_file}")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"解析并保存新闻详情失败 [{url}]: {str(e)}")
import traceback
logger.error(traceback.format_exc())
"""
解析时间字符串
Args:
time_text: 时间文本
Returns:
标准化的时间字符串
"""
try:
# 尝试匹配常见的时间格式
patterns = [
r'(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})\s+(\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})',
r'(\d{4})年(\d{2})月(\d{2})日\s+(\d{2}):(\d{2})',
r'(\d{4})/(\d{2})/(\d{2})\s+(\d{2}):(\d{2})',
]
for pattern in patterns:
match = re.search(pattern, time_text)
if match:
return time_text
return time_text
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"时间解析失败: {str(e)}")
return None

1
schoolNewsCrawler/crawler/__init__.py Normal file
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593
schoolNewsCrawler/crawler/response.html Normal file
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="utf-8" />
<meta content="all" name="robots" />
<title> 西班牙国王费利佩六世今起对我国进行国事访问 --国际--人民网 </title>
<meta name="renderer" content="webkit" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0" />
<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="description" content="　　费利佩六世国王　　应国家主席习近平邀请，西班牙国王费利佩六世将于11月10日至13日对中国进行国事访问。　　费利佩六世，1968年1月生于西班牙马德里，法学学士、国际关系学硕士。1986年1月被立" />
<meta name="copyright" content="人民网版权所有" />
<meta name="filetype" content="0">
<meta name="publishedtype" content="1">
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2025年11月10日05:51 | 来源：<a href="http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/pc/content/202511/10/content_30113872.html" target="_blank">人民网－人民日报</a><em class='rmw-page-view'><img src='https://cdn2-app.people.cn/static/img/look.png'><i class='hit-count'>222</i></em>
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<p>　　费利佩六世，1968年1月生于西班牙马德里，法学学士、国际关系学硕士。1986年1月被立为王储。2014年6月继承王位。同莱蒂西娅王后育有王储莱昂诺尔和索菲娅两位公主。</p>
<p>　　（新华社北京11月9日电） </p>
<p></p><p><span id='paper_num'>　　《 人民日报 》（ 2025年11月10日 03 版）</span></p>
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2025年11月10日09:26 | 来源：<a href="http://www.chinanews.com.cn/gn/2025/11-08/10512178.shtml" target="_blank">中国新闻网</a><em class='rmw-page-view'><img src='https://cdn2-app.people.cn/static/img/look.png'><i class='hit-count'>222</i></em>
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<p style="text-indent: 2em;">中新网11月8日电 题：<strong>建好这个“港”，习近平有深远考量</strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">党的二十届四中全会后首次到地方，习近平总书记来到了海南三亚。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">再有一个多月，12月18日，海南自由贸易港将正式启动全岛封关。11月6日，在听取海南自由贸易港建设工作汇报时，习近平总书记强调，各级各有关方面要精心准备，确保平稳有序。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">对于自由贸易港建设，总书记一直寄予厚望。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">20世纪80年代，在厦门工作期间，习近平同志就曾牵头研究自由贸易港问题并将部分政策付诸实施。彼时，中国开放的大门刚刚打开。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">多年后，这一任务交到了海南手中。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">为什么是海南？从客观条件看，海南是我国最大的经济特区，地理位置独特，拥有全国最好的生态环境，同时又是相对独立的地理单元，具有成为全国改革开放试验田的独特优势。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">从历史看，海南之所以能从一个边陲海岛发展成为我国改革开放的重要窗口，正是得益于深化改革、扩大开放。建设自贸港，是海南开放发展道路的延续，也是面向未来发展的需要。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">从现实看，作为引领我国新时代对外开放的鲜明旗帜，海南自贸港建设不仅事关海南自身发展，更关乎中国改革开放全局。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">“由海南来完成这项历史性任务，这也是中国特色社会主义经济特区建设的一个战略安排，不断摸索、大胆试验，现在蹚出来一条路子。”2022年在海南考察时，对于海南自贸港建设的未来，习近平总书记曾饱含期待。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">只有敢于走别人没有走过的路，才能收获别样的风景。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">从2018年党中央决定支持海南全岛建设自由贸易试验区，到2020年《海南自由贸易港建设总体方案》发布，再到海南自贸港连续7年被写入政府工作报告……一系列顶层设计推动海南自贸港建设取得重要阶段性成效，为启动全岛封关运作打下坚实基础。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">美丽海岛持续释放活力，海南外贸连续5年增长，累计176个国家和地区在此投资。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">这次在海南，习近平总书记再次强调海南自贸港的定位——</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">“高标准建设海南自由贸易港，主要目的是促进海南高质量发展，助力全国构建新发展格局。”</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">“建设海南自由贸易港的战略目标，就是要把海南自由贸易港打造成为引领我国新时代对外开放的重要门户。”</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">从海南到全国，从中国到世界，总书记点明中国特色自由贸易港的重要使命与历史方位。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">此次，在海南自贸港将迈入全岛封关运作新阶段之际，总书记再次作出新部署。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">“进一步提高贸易投资自由化便利化水平”“着力打造市场化法治化国际化一流营商环境”“越是扩大开放，越要统筹发展和安全”……有方向指引，有具体要求，也有深远考量。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">前不久，党的二十届四中全会审议通过的“十五五”规划建议，明确提出“高标准建设海南自由贸易港”。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;">在中国的最南端，新时代全面深化改革开放的故事正不断书写。</p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 楷体;">｜出品人：俞岚</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 楷体;">｜总策划：周锐</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 楷体;">｜统筹：马学玲 阚枫</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 楷体;">｜执笔：袁秀月</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 楷体;">｜校对：孙静波</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 楷体;">｜视觉：徐洋 雷宇竺</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 楷体;">｜中国新闻网“习言道”工作室出品</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 楷体;">｜中国互联网发展基金会中国正能量网络传播专项基金支持</span></p><div class="zdfy clearfix"></div><center><table border="0" align="center" width="40%"><tr></tr></table></center>
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curl 'http://search.people.cn/search-platform/front/search' -H 'Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*' -H 'Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9' -H 'Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8' -b 'wdcid=05a6de97766c4599; sso_c=0; sfr=1; __jsluid_h=e16169886db91bc1035499568d07a448' -H 'Origin: http://search.people.cn' -H 'Proxy-Connection: keep-alive' -H 'Referer: http://search.people.cn/s/?keyword=%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&st=5&_=1762584848128' -H 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36' --data-raw '{"key":"视频新闻","page":1,"limit":10,"hasTitle":true,"hasContent":true,"isFuzzy":true,"type":5,"sortType":2,"startTime":0,"endTime":0}' --insecure

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# 爬虫页面
## [人民网搜索](http://search.people.cn/) 热点排行
```python
CrawlerConfig(
base_url="http://www.people.com.cn",
urls={
"search": UrlConfig(
url="http://search.people.cn/search-platform/front/search",
method="POST",
params={
"key": "",
"page": 1,
"limit": 10,
"hasTitle": True,
"hasContent": True,
"isFuzzy": True,
"type": 0, # 0 所有，1 新闻，2 互动，3 报刊，4 图片，5 视频
"sortType": 2, # 1 按相关度，2 按时间
"startTime": 0,
"endTime": 0
}
),
"hot_point_rank": UrlConfig(
url="http://search.people.cn/search-platform/front/searchRank",
method="GET",
params={}
)
},
headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'
}
)
```
## [精彩头条](http://www.people.com.cn/GB/59476/index.html)
> 查询对应日期的所有精彩头条
http://www.people.com.cn/GB/59476/review/yyyyMMdd.html
一个html文件。里面包含了当天所有精彩新闻
## 一个新闻详情页html内数据结构
```sh
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
xxxx等导航栏
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 左右结构 col col-1 fr |col col-2 fr
新闻标题 h1 | 热门排行 rm_ranking cf
新闻作者 author cf |
时间、渠道 channel cf （col-1-1 fl） |
新闻内容（含img、video标签） rm_txt_con cf | 二维码 tjewm1 cf
img、video都是相对路径。拼接baseUrl
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
```
## [反腐](http://fanfu.people.com.cn/index1.html)
分页查询 http://fanfu.people.com.cn/index{page}.html
根据页数拼接get等待html。
对里面的独立新闻链接访问。 再走独立详情页查询

47
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View File

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
# 学习强国
## 搜索接口
GET https://search.xuexi.cn/api/search
### 入参
{
"size": 15, # 每页返回数量
"hid": "8rRCExvNOv8HUCnncajqG9x825v1u6a3", # 设备/会话ID
"client_version": "PC:0.0.9", # 客户端版本
"page": 1, # 页码
"query": "习近平", # 搜索关键词 (URL编码)
"program_id": 0, # 程序ID (0=全部)
"product_params": { # 产品参数 (JSON格式，需URL编码)
"time_filter": "all", # 时间过滤: all/day/week/month/year
"type_filter": "all", # 类型过滤: all/news(图文)/picture(图集)/video(视频)/book(书籍)
"sort_method": "integrated", # 排序方式: integrated(综合)/time(时间)
"search_method": "all" # 搜索方式: all/title/content
},
"_t": 1762595495842 # 时间戳（毫秒）
}
### 返回数组内对象
{
"status": 0,
"message": "SUCCESS",
"data": {
"total": 919,
"pages": 20,
"list": []
}
}
{
"summary": "",
"image": [
"https://boot-img.xuexi.cn/image/1005/process/9cb21330294b46c780fd7a3a3d068e70.jpg"
],
"show_time": "9个月前",
"item_id": "5787654603241390445",
"biz_type": "15",
"program_id": "0",
"title": "法语版|&lt;em&gt;习近平&lt;/em&gt;春节前夕赴辽宁看望慰问基层干部群众",
"type": "kFiles",
"url": "https://article.xuexi.cn/articles/pdf/index.html?art_id=5787654603241390445",
"publish_time": "2025-01-25",
"show_source": "“学习强国”学习平台",
"biz_id": "5787654603241390445",
"desc": ""
}

327
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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function swapCon(n){
for(var i=1;i<=2;i++){
var td=document.getElementById("td_"+i);
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td.style.background="#EFE4CE";
ta.style.display="none";
p.style.visibility="hidden";
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}
</script>
<script language="JavaScript">
//加到频道的脚本
function FieldSearchFormTwo_onsubmit(){
var SQLTitle="";
if(document.FieldSearchFormTwo.Content.value!=""){
var oldStr=document.FieldSearchFormTwo.Content.value;
var searchStr=searchWordPro(oldStr);
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SQLTitle=searchStr;
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if(alltrim(word_array[loop])!="")
tempStr=tempStr+" and "+word_array[loop];
}
}
}
return tempStr;
}
function alltrim(a_strVarContent)
{
var pos1, pos2, newstring;
pos1 = 0;
pos2 = 0;
newstring = ""
if ( a_strVarContent.length > 0 )
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for( i=0; i<a_strVarContent.length; i++)
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}
return newstring;
}
//结束
</script>
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schoolNewsCrawler/crawler/首页头条--人民网_files/webdig.js.下载 Normal file
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var ROOTDM=[".haiwainet.cn",".0898.net",".cpcnews.cn",".linliwang.com",".npopss-cn.gov.cn",".osports.com.cn",".people.cn",".people.com.cn",".people.gkcx.eol.cn",".people.nihaowang.com",".peopledaily.com.cn",".urbanchina.org",".zgdsw.org.cn",".zhengwutong.com",".zzdjw.org.cn",".cpta.com.cn",".chinawriter.com.cn",".djyj.cn",".nanhaimuseum.org",".womenvoice.cn",".womencn.cn",".rmxiongan.com",".zghrg.gov.cn",".gjbmj.gov.cn",".chinaql.org",".minge.gov.cn",".chinaxiongan.cn",".qizhiwang.org.cn",".brnn.com",".dswxyjy.org.cn",".chinalianxun.cn",".cidf.net",".fpzg.cpad.gov.cn",".nopss.gov.cn",".hlj.gov.cn",".lmcchina.org",".peopletech.cn",".miguvideo.com",".zyshgzb.gov.cn",".12380.gov.cn",".sxdaily.com.cn"],RECENDM=[],INCLUDESUBHOST=["www.people.com.cn"],SHOWERRHOST=1,_wdUID="15",_wecl="//cl0.webterren.com/1.gif",_wdVersion={WD:1726819015},_wevcl="//cl0.webterren.com/2.gif";function _wd_re(n,o){var c=document;if(n.length==0){typeof o=="function"&&o();return}function a(){_wd_re(n,o)}var t=n.splice(0,1),e=c.createElement("script");e.type="text/javascript",e.referrerPolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade";function r(){(e.readyState=="loaded"||e.readyState=="complete")&&(e.onreadystatechange=null,a())}e.readyState?e.onreadystatechange=r:e.onload=a,e.src=t,c.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(e)}var _wd_ss=["//d.webterren.com/common.js?z=15&t=202409200756"];window._wd_o?function(){var n,o="_wd_load_event",c=document,a=!!c.createEvent;a?(n=c.createEvent("Event"),n.initEvent(o,!0,!0)):(n=c.createElement("p"),c.body.appendChild(n)),window[_wd_o].e=n,_wd_re(_wd_ss,function(){a?c.dispatchEvent(n):n[o]=new Date})}():window.wd_paramtracker=function(){var n=arguments[0];_wd_re(_wd_ss,function(){_wd_paramtracker(n)})};

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schoolNewsCrawler/crawler/首页头条--人民网_files/webdig_test.js.下载 Normal file
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(function(w,d,g,r){
w['_wd_o']=r;
w[r]=w[r]||function(){arguments.t=1*new Date(),(w[r].q=w[r].q||[]).push(arguments);};
var a=d.createElement('script'),m=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m);
})(window,document,'//cl2.webterren.com/webdig.js?z=15','_wa');
_wa('wd_paramtracker', '_wdxid=000000000000000000000000000000000000000000');

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schoolNewsCrawler/main.py Normal file
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"""
新闻爬虫主程序
用于被定时任务调用或独立运行
"""
import sys
import json
from typing import List
from loguru import logger
from crawler.RmrbCrawler import RmrbCrawler
from crawler.BaseCrawler import NewsItem
# 配置日志
logger.remove() # 移除默认处理器
logger.add(
sys.stdout,
format="<green>{time:YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss}</green> | <level>{level: <8}</level> | <cyan>{name}</cyan>:<cyan>{function}</cyan> - <level>{message}</level>",
level="INFO"
)
logger.add(
"logs/crawler_{time:YYYY-MM-DD}.log",
rotation="00:00",
retention="30 days",
encoding="utf-8",
level="DEBUG"
)
def crawl_rmrb_news(category: str = "politics", limit: int = 20) -> List[dict]:
"""
爬取人民日报新闻
Args:
category: 新闻分类
limit: 爬取数量
Returns:
新闻列表（字典格式）
"""
logger.info(f"开始爬取人民日报新闻 - 分类: {category}, 数量: {limit}")
crawler = None
try:
crawler = RmrbCrawler()
news_list = crawler.crawl(category=category, limit=limit)
# 转换为字典列表
result = [news.model_dump() for news in news_list]
logger.info(f"爬取完成，共获取 {len(result)} 条新闻")
return result
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"爬取失败: {str(e)}")
return []
finally:
if crawler:
crawler.close()
def save_to_json(news_list: List[dict], output_file: str = "output/news.json"):
"""
保存新闻到JSON文件
Args:
news_list: 新闻列表
output_file: 输出文件路径
"""
try:
import os
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(output_file), exist_ok=True)
with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
json.dump(news_list, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
logger.info(f"新闻已保存到: {output_file}")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"保存文件失败: {str(e)}")
def main():
"""主函数"""
# 解析命令行参数
category = "politics"
limit = 20
output_file = "output/news.json"
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
category = sys.argv[1]
if len(sys.argv) > 2:
limit = int(sys.argv[2])
if len(sys.argv) > 3:
output_file = sys.argv[3]
logger.info("=" * 60)
logger.info("新闻爬虫程序启动")
logger.info("=" * 60)
# 爬取新闻
news_list = crawl_rmrb_news(category=category, limit=limit)
# 保存结果
if news_list:
save_to_json(news_list, output_file)
# 输出统计信息
logger.info(f"爬取统计:")
logger.info(f" - 成功: {len(news_list)} 条")
logger.info(f" - 失败: {limit - len(news_list)} 条")
else:
logger.warning("未获取到任何新闻")
logger.info("=" * 60)
logger.info("新闻爬虫程序结束")
logger.info("=" * 60)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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schoolNewsCrawler/requirements.txt Normal file
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# 核心爬虫库
requests # HTTP请求库
beautifulsoup4 # HTML/XML解析库
lxml # 高性能HTML/XML解析器
selenium # 浏览器自动化（用于动态页面）
scrapy # 专业爬虫框架（可选）
crawl4ai # 基于 Playwright 的智能爬虫框架
playwright # 浏览器自动化框架（Crawl4AI 依赖）
# 异步支持
aiohttp # 异步HTTP客户端
asyncio # 异步IO支持
httpx # 现代HTTP客户端，支持异步
# 数据校验与类型检查
pydantic # 数据验证和设置管理
pydantic-settings # Pydantic配置管理
typing-extensions # 类型注解扩展
mypy # 静态类型检查器
# 数据处理
pandas # 数据分析和处理
openpyxl # Excel文件读写
python-dateutil # 日期时间处理
pytz # 时区处理
# 日志与调试
loguru # 现代化日志库
colorlog # 彩色日志输出
# 配置管理
python-dotenv # 环境变量管理
pyyaml # YAML配置文件支持
# 数据库连接（用于存储爬取的数据）
pymysql # MySQL数据库连接
sqlalchemy # ORM框架
# HTTP客户端增强
urllib3 # HTTP库
certifi # SSL证书
charset-normalizer # 字符编码检测
# HTML处理增强
html5lib # HTML5解析器
cssselect # CSS选择器
# 反爬虫对策
fake-useragent # 随机User-Agent
pyquery # jQuery风格的HTML解析
# 图片处理（如果需要下载图片）
Pillow # 图像处理库
# 网络工具
chardet # 字符编码检测
# 定时任务（如果Python端需要独立运行）
schedule # 简单的定时任务库
apscheduler # 高级定时任务调度器
# WebDriver管理（自动下载浏览器驱动）
webdriver-manager # 自动管理Selenium WebDriver
# JSON处理增强
jsonschema # JSON数据验证
# 代理支持
pysocks # SOCKS代理支持
# 开发工具
pytest # 测试框架
pytest-asyncio # 异步测试支持
black # 代码格式化
flake8 # 代码风格检查
isort # import排序