596 lines
25 KiB
Python
596 lines
25 KiB
Python
# 新华网爬虫
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from itertools import count
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from typing import List, Optional
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from bs4 import Tag
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from pydantic import InstanceOf
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from core.ResultDomain import ResultDomain
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from crawler.BaseCrawler import BaseCrawler, CrawlerConfig, NewsItem, UrlConfig
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from loguru import logger
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import re
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import chardet
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from datetime import datetime, timedelta
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from bs4.element import NavigableString
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from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode
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import json
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from selenium import webdriver
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from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
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from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
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from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
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from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
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from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
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from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
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import time
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import random
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import os
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class XhwCrawler(BaseCrawler):
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def __init__(self):
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"""初始化人民日报爬虫"""
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config = CrawlerConfig(
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base_url="https://xhsz.news.cn/",
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urls={
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"search": UrlConfig(
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url="https://xhsz.news.cn/s",
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method="GET",
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params={
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"k": "",
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"action": "",
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"page": 1
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},
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headers={
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'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
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'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7',
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'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8',
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'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
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'Connection': 'keep-alive',
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'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
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'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document',
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'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
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'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'none',
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'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
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'Referer': 'https://xhsz.news.cn/',
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'sec-ch-ua': '"Not_A Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="120", "Google Chrome";v="120"',
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'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0',
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'sec-ch-ua-platform': '"Windows"'
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}
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),
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"hot_point": UrlConfig(
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url="https://xhsz.news.cn/focus_news",
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method="GET",
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params={},
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headers={
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'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
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'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7',
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'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8',
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'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
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'Connection': 'keep-alive',
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'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
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'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document',
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'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
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'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'none',
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'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
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'Referer': 'https://xhsz.news.cn/',
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'sec-ch-ua': '"Not_A Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="120", "Google Chrome";v="120"',
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'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0',
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'sec-ch-ua-platform': '"Windows"'
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}
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)
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},
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)
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super().__init__(config)
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self.search_action_map = {
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"全部": "index",
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"热点发布": "news"
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}
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# 初始化时创建driver
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self.driver = self._init_driver()
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def _init_driver(self):
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"""初始化并返回Chrome WebDriver实例"""
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chrome_options = Options()
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# 确保浏览器可见，不使用无头模式
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# 或者完全删除这行，因为默认就是有界面模式
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chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
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chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
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chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled')
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chrome_options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
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chrome_options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
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chrome_options.add_argument('--user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36')
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# 确保浏览器可见
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chrome_options.add_argument('--start-maximized')
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chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
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chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-web-security')
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chrome_options.add_argument('--allow-running-insecure-content')
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chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-features=VizDisplayCompositor')
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service = Service(executable_path=r"chromedriver.exe")
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driver = None
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try:
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driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)
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logger.info("Chrome浏览器初始化成功")
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except Exception as e:
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logger.error(f"Chrome浏览器初始化失败: {str(e)}")
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return None
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# 设置隐式等待时间
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# driver.implicitly_wait(10)
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# 访问主页获取初始Cookie
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logger.info("访问主页获取初始Cookie")
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try:
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driver.get(self.config.base_url)
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except Exception as e:
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logger.error(f"访问URL失败: {self.config.base_url}, 错误: {str(e)}")
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return None
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time.sleep(random.uniform(2, 4))
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# 检查是否有验证页面
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page_source = driver.page_source
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if "验证" in page_source or "captcha" in page_source.lower() or "滑动验证" in page_source:
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logger.warning("检测到验证页面，尝试手动处理验证")
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# 尝试等待用户手动处理验证
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logger.info("请在30秒内手动完成验证...")
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time.sleep(30)
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# 刷新页面，检查验证是否完成
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driver.refresh()
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time.sleep(random.uniform(2, 4))
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# 再次检查验证状态
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page_source = driver.page_source
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if "验证" in page_source or "captcha" in page_source.lower() or "滑动验证" in page_source:
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logger.error("验证未完成，无法继续爬取")
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# self.driver.quit()
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# self.driver = None
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return None
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return driver
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def parse_news_detail(self, url: str) -> Optional[NewsItem]:
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return self.parse_xhsz_news_detail(url)
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def parse_xhsz_news_detail(self, url: str) -> NewsItem:
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"""
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使用Selenium解析新华网新闻详情页
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异常局部捕获，保证返回 NewsItem 对象，即使部分内容解析失败
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"""
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news_item = NewsItem(title="", contentRows=[], url=url)
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if not self.driver:
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logger.error("WebDriver未初始化，无法获取新闻详情")
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return news_item
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try:
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self.driver.get(url)
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time.sleep(2)
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning(f"访问新闻详情页失败: {url}, {e}")
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return news_item
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# 滑动验证处理
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try:
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sliders = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".handler.handler_bg")
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if sliders:
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slider = sliders[0]
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action_chain = ActionChains(self.driver)
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action_chain.click_and_hold(slider).perform()
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distance = 1000
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tracks = [distance*0.2, distance*0.3, distance*0.25, distance*0.25]
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for track in tracks:
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action_chain.move_by_offset(int(track), 0).pause(1)
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action_chain.perform()
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action_chain.release().perform()
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time.sleep(2)
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except Exception as e:
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logger.info(f"滑块验证处理失败或未出现: {e}")
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final_url = self.driver.current_url
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if final_url != url:
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news_item = self.parse_xh_news_detail(final_url)
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news_item.url = url
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return news_item
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# 新闻主体
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try:
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main_div = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
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EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.page-news-detail"))
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)
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning(f"未找到新闻主体: {url}, {e}")
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return news_item
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try:
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article_div = main_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.page-news-l")
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except:
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logger.warning(f"未找到文章主体: {url}")
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return news_item
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# 标题
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try:
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title_div = article_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.page-news-detail-title")
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news_item.title = title_div.text.strip()
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except:
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pass
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# 新闻元信息
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try:
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channal_div = article_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.page-news-detail-note")
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channal_items = channal_div.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.item")
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for item in channal_items:
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text = item.text.strip()
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if "来源" in text:
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news_item.source = text.split("：", 1)[-1].strip()
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elif "发布时间" in text:
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news_item.publishTime = text.split("：", 1)[-1].strip()
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elif "浏览人数" in text:
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try:
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news_item.viewCount = int(text.split("：", 1)[-1].strip())
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except:
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pass
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except:
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pass
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# 内容
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try:
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content_div = article_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.page-news-detail-content")
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children = content_div.find_elements(By.XPATH, "./*")
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for child in children:
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try:
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tag_name = child.tag_name.lower()
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if tag_name == "p":
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text = child.text.strip().replace("\xa0", "")
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if not text and len(child.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, "img")) == 0:
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continue
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# 图片
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try:
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img = child.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "img")
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src = img.get_attribute("src")
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if src and not src.startswith("http"):
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src = self.config.base_url + src
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news_item.contentRows.append({"tag": "img", "content": f"<img src='{src}' />"})
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continue
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except:
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pass
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# 视频
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try:
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video = child.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "video")
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src = video.get_attribute("src")
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if src and not src.startswith("http"):
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src = self.config.base_url + src
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news_item.contentRows.append({"tag": "video", "content": f"<video src='{src}' />"})
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continue
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except:
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pass
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# 普通段落
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news_item.contentRows.append({"tag": "p", "content": child.get_attribute("outerHTML")})
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elif tag_name in ["img", "video"]:
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news_item.contentRows.append({"tag": tag_name, "content": child.get_attribute("outerHTML")})
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning(f"解析段落失败: {e}")
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continue
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except:
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logger.warning(f"新闻内容解析失败: {url}")
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return news_item
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def parse_xh_news_detail(self, url: str) -> NewsItem:
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"""
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使用Selenium解析新华网新闻详情页
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异常局部捕获，保证返回 NewsItem 对象，即使部分内容解析失败
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"""
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news_item = NewsItem(title="", contentRows=[], url=url)
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if not self.driver:
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logger.error("WebDriver未初始化，无法获取新闻详情")
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return news_item
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try:
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self.driver.get(url)
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time.sleep(2)
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning(f"访问新闻详情页失败: {url}, {e}")
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return news_item
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# 滑动验证处理
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try:
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sliders = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".handler.handler_bg")
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if sliders:
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slider = sliders[0]
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action_chain = ActionChains(self.driver)
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action_chain.click_and_hold(slider).perform()
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distance = 1000
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tracks = [distance*0.2, distance*0.3, distance*0.25, distance*0.25]
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for track in tracks:
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action_chain.move_by_offset(int(track), 0).pause(1)
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action_chain.perform()
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action_chain.release().perform()
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time.sleep(2)
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except Exception as e:
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logger.info(f"滑块验证处理失败或未出现: {e}")
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# head
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head_div = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.header.domPC")
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time_div = head_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.header-time.left")
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datetimes = time_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "span.year").text+"/"+time_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "span.day").text+" "+time_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "span.time").text
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news_item.publishTime = str(datetime.strptime(datetimes, "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S"))
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source = head_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.source").text.split("：")[1]
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news_item.source = source
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title = head_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "h1").text
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news_item.title = title
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# 内容
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try:
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article_div = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.main.clearfix")
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content_div = article_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div#detail span#detailContent")
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children = content_div.find_elements(By.XPATH, "./*")
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for child in children:
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try:
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tag_name = child.tag_name.lower()
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if tag_name == "p" or tag_name == "div":
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text = child.text.strip().replace("\xa0", "")
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if not text and len(child.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, "img")) == 0:
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continue
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# 视频
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try:
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video = child.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "video")
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src = video.get_attribute("src")
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if src and not src.startswith("http"):
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src = self._normalize_url(src)
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news_item.contentRows.append({"tag": "video", "content": f"<video src='{src}' />"})
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continue
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except:
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pass
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# 图片
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try:
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img = child.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "img")
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src = img.get_attribute("src")
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if src and not src.startswith("http"):
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src = self._normalize_url(src)
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news_item.contentRows.append({"tag": "img", "content": f"<img src='{src}' />"})
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continue
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except:
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pass
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# 普通段落
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news_item.contentRows.append({"tag": "p", "content": child.get_attribute("outerHTML")})
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elif tag_name == "img":
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src = child.get_attribute("src")
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if src and not src.startswith("http"):
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src = self._normalize_url(src)
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news_item.contentRows.append({"tag": "img", "content": f"<img src='{src}' />"})
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elif tag_name == "video":
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src = child.get_attribute("src")
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if src and not src.startswith("http"):
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src = self._normalize_url(src)
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news_item.contentRows.append({"tag": "video", "content": f"<video src='{src}' />"})
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning(f"解析段落失败: {e}")
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continue
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except:
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logger.warning(f"新闻内容解析失败: {url}")
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return news_item
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def _normalize_url(self, url: str) -> str:
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"""
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规范化 URL，补全协议和域名
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Args:
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url: 原始 URL
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Returns:
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完整的 URL
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"""
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if not url:
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return url
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# 已经是完整 URL
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if url.startswith("http://") or url.startswith("https://"):
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return url
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# 协议相对 URL，补充 https:
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if url.startswith("//"):
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return "https:" + url
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# 相对路径，补全域名
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return self.config.base_url + url
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def search(self, key:str, total=10, action="news") -> ResultDomain:
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# 检查driver是否已初始化
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if not self.driver:
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logger.error("WebDriver未初始化，无法继续爬取")
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return ResultDomain(code=1, message="WebDriver未初始化，无法继续爬取", success=False)
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news_urls = []
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news_list = []
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resultDomain = ResultDomain(code=0, message="", success=True, dataList=news_list)
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# 获取搜索配置
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search_config = self.config.urls.get("search")
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if not search_config:
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logger.error("未找到搜索URL配置")
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resultDomain.code = 0
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resultDomain.message = "未找到搜索URL配置"
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resultDomain.success = False
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return resultDomain
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pagesize = 10
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search_data = search_config.params.copy()
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search_data["k"] = key
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search_data["action"] = action
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try:
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# 获取新闻url
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url_base_map = {}
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total_pages = (total + pagesize - 1) // pagesize
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for page in range(1, total_pages + 1):
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search_data["page"] = page
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pageHtml = search_config.url + "?" + urlencode(search_data)
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logger.info(f"请求URL: {pageHtml}")
|
||
|
||
# 使用Selenium访问页面
|
||
try:
|
||
self.driver.get(pageHtml)
|
||
time.sleep(2)
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
logger.warning(f"访问搜索页失败: {pageHtml}, {e}")
|
||
continue
|
||
|
||
# 滑动验证处理
|
||
try:
|
||
sliders = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".handler.handler_bg")
|
||
if sliders:
|
||
slider = sliders[0]
|
||
action_chain = ActionChains(self.driver)
|
||
action_chain.click_and_hold(slider).perform()
|
||
distance = 1000
|
||
tracks = [distance*0.2, distance*0.3, distance*0.25, distance*0.25]
|
||
for track in tracks:
|
||
action_chain.move_by_offset(int(track), 0).pause(1)
|
||
action_chain.release().perform()
|
||
time.sleep(5)
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
logger.info(f"滑动验证处理失败或未出现: {e}")
|
||
|
||
# 提取新闻列表
|
||
try:
|
||
search_main = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.page-search-main")
|
||
search_group = search_main.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.page-search-group")
|
||
news_div = search_group.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.page-search-news")
|
||
news_items = news_div.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.group")
|
||
for news in news_items:
|
||
try:
|
||
head = news.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.head")
|
||
title_div = head.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.title")
|
||
date_div = head.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.date")
|
||
a_tag = title_div.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "a")
|
||
news_url = a_tag.get_attribute("href")
|
||
news_title = a_tag.text.strip()
|
||
news_date = date_div.text.strip()
|
||
url_base_map[news_url] = {"title": news_title, "date": news_date}
|
||
news_urls.append(news_url)
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
logger.warning(f"提取单条新闻URL失败: {e}")
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
logger.warning(f"提取新闻列表失败: {e}")
|
||
continue
|
||
|
||
# 从新闻url中获取新闻详情
|
||
count = 0
|
||
for news_url in news_urls:
|
||
try:
|
||
news = self.parse_news_detail(news_url)
|
||
if news:
|
||
news.title = url_base_map.get(news_url, {}).get("title") or news.title
|
||
news.publishTime = url_base_map.get(news_url, {}).get("date") or news.publishTime
|
||
news_list.append(news)
|
||
count += 1
|
||
if count >= total:
|
||
break
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
logger.warning(f"解析新闻失败: {news_url}, {e}")
|
||
continue
|
||
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
logger.error(f"搜索过程整体异常: {e}")
|
||
resultDomain.success = False
|
||
resultDomain.code = 0
|
||
resultDomain.message = "爬取失败"
|
||
|
||
# 最终保证返回 dataList
|
||
resultDomain.dataList = news_list
|
||
resultDomain.success = bool(news_list)
|
||
return resultDomain
|
||
|
||
def hot_point(self) -> ResultDomain:
|
||
# 检查driver是否已初始化
|
||
if not self.driver:
|
||
logger.error("WebDriver未初始化，无法继续爬取")
|
||
return ResultDomain(code=1, message="WebDriver未初始化，无法继续爬取", success=False)
|
||
|
||
news_urls = []
|
||
news_list = []
|
||
resultDomain = ResultDomain(code=0, message="", success=True, dataList=news_list)
|
||
|
||
# 获取搜索配置
|
||
hot_point_config = self.config.urls.get("hot_point")
|
||
if not hot_point_config:
|
||
logger.error("未找到搜索URL配置")
|
||
resultDomain.code = 0
|
||
resultDomain.message = "未找到搜索URL配置"
|
||
resultDomain.success = False
|
||
return resultDomain
|
||
|
||
# 访问搜索页
|
||
try:
|
||
self.driver.get(hot_point_config.url)
|
||
time.sleep(2)
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
logger.warning(f"访问搜索页失败: {hot_point_config.url}, {e}")
|
||
return resultDomain
|
||
|
||
try:
|
||
# 获取新闻url
|
||
url_base_map = {}
|
||
news_div = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "section.wrapper > div.page-news.center-1200")
|
||
hot_news_div = news_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.page-news-l")
|
||
|
||
news_items_div = hot_news_div.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.page-news-list")
|
||
news_items = news_items_div.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.item")
|
||
for news in news_items:
|
||
a_tag = news.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "a")
|
||
news_url = a_tag.get_attribute("href")
|
||
news_title = a_tag.text.strip()
|
||
url_base_map[news_url] = {"title": news_title}
|
||
news_urls.append(news_url)
|
||
|
||
|
||
# 从新闻url中获取新闻详情
|
||
count = 0
|
||
for news_url in news_urls:
|
||
try:
|
||
news = self.parse_news_detail(news_url)
|
||
if news:
|
||
news.title = url_base_map.get(news_url, {}).get("title") or news.title
|
||
news_list.append(news)
|
||
count += 1
|
||
if count >= 5:
|
||
break
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
logger.warning(f"解析新闻失败: {news_url}, {e}")
|
||
continue
|
||
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
logger.error(f"搜索过程整体异常: {e}")
|
||
resultDomain.success = False
|
||
resultDomain.code = 0
|
||
resultDomain.message = "爬取失败"
|
||
|
||
# 最终保证返回 dataList
|
||
resultDomain.dataList = news_list
|
||
resultDomain.success = bool(news_list)
|
||
return resultDomain
|
||
|
||
def close(self):
|
||
if hasattr(self, 'driver') and self.driver:
|
||
try:
|
||
self.driver.quit()
|
||
logger.info("浏览器已关闭")
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
logger.warning(f"关闭浏览器失败: {str(e)}")
|
||
self.driver = None
|