152 lines
5.1 KiB
Python
152 lines
5.1 KiB
Python
# 定义基础爬虫类
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from typing import Dict, Optional, List, Any
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from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
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import requests
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from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
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from loguru import logger
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from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, HttpUrl
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class UrlConfig(BaseModel):
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"""URL配置数据模型"""
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url: str = Field(..., description="请求URL")
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params: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = Field(default=None, description="请求参数")
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method: str = Field(default="GET", description="请求方法")
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class Config:
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# 允许任意类型
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arbitrary_types_allowed = True
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class CrawlerConfig(BaseModel):
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"""爬虫配置数据模型"""
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base_url: str = Field(..., description="基础URL")
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urls: Dict[str, UrlConfig] = Field(
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default_factory=dict,
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description="URL配置映射，如 {'search': UrlConfig(...), 'list': UrlConfig(...)}"
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)
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headers: Dict[str, str] = Field(
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default_factory=lambda: {
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'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
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},
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description="HTTP请求头"
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)
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timeout: int = Field(default=30, description="请求超时时间（秒）")
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retry_times: int = Field(default=3, description="重试次数")
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proxy: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="代理地址")
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class Config:
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# 允许任意类型
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arbitrary_types_allowed = True
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class NewsItem(BaseModel):
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"""新闻数据模型"""
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title: str = Field(..., description="新闻标题")
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contentRows: List[Dict[str, Any]] = Field(..., description="新闻内容")
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url: str = Field(..., description="新闻链接")
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publishTime: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="发布时间")
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author: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="作者")
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source: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="来源")
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category: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="分类")
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class BaseCrawler(ABC):
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"""基础爬虫类"""
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def __init__(self, config: CrawlerConfig):
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"""
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初始化爬虫
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Args:
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config: 爬虫配置对象
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"""
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self.config = config
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self.session = requests.Session()
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self.session.headers.update(config.headers)
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logger.info(f"初始化爬虫: {self.__class__.__name__}")
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def fetch(self, url: str, method: str = "GET", data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, **kwargs) -> Optional[requests.Response]:
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"""
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发送HTTP请求
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Args:
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url: 请求URL
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method: 请求方法
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data: 请求数据
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**kwargs: 其他请求参数
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Returns:
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响应对象，失败返回None
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"""
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for attempt in range(self.config.retry_times):
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try:
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logger.info(f"请求URL: {url} (尝试 {attempt + 1}/{self.config.retry_times})")
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response = self.session.request(
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method=method,
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url=url,
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headers=self.config.headers,
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data=data,
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timeout=self.config.timeout,
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proxies={'http': self.config.proxy, 'https': self.config.proxy} if self.config.proxy else None,
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**kwargs
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)
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response.raise_for_status()
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return response
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except requests.RequestException as e:
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logger.warning(f"请求失败 (尝试 {attempt + 1}/{self.config.retry_times}): {str(e)}")
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if attempt == self.config.retry_times - 1:
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logger.error(f"请求最终失败: {url}")
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return None
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return None
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def parse_html(self, html, parser: str = "lxml") -> Optional[BeautifulSoup]:
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"""
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解析HTML
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Args:
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html: HTML字符串或字节数据（bytes），BeautifulSoup会自动检测编码
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parser: 解析器类型
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Returns:
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BeautifulSoup对象
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"""
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try:
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# BeautifulSoup 可以自动处理编码：
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# - 如果传入 bytes，会从 HTML 的 <meta charset> 标签或响应头自动检测编码
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# - 如果传入 str，会直接使用
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return BeautifulSoup(html, parser)
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except Exception as e:
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logger.error(f"HTML解析失败: {str(e)}")
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return None
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@abstractmethod
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def crawl(self) -> List[NewsItem]:
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"""
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爬取新闻（子类必须实现）
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Returns:
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新闻列表
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"""
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pass
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@abstractmethod
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def parse_news_detail(self, url: str) -> Optional[NewsItem]:
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"""
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解析新闻详情（子类必须实现）
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Args:
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url: 新闻详情页URL
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Returns:
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新闻对象
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"""
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pass
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def close(self):
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"""关闭会话"""
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self.session.close()
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logger.info(f"关闭爬虫: {self.__class__.__name__}") |